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The State Theatre Košice

Adolf Lang, Antal Steinhardt

history of the theatresupplementtechnical dataHistoric equipment

Important events

(detail)1899 | construction

People

Adolf Lang |main architect
(detail)Hermann Helmer |architect
The phenomenon of the architects Fellner and Helmer would be difficult to capture with only one building. Their work consisted of continual, although somewhat stereotypical, work in terms of style. They placed a great emphasis on achieving the technical-operational needs of theatre buildings. They created a large number of theatres (mainly national theatres) in Central Europe - Austria, Croatia, Romania, the Czech Republic, etc.More theatres

History

Name: State Theatre Košice

Architect: Adolf Lang, Antal Steinhardt

Project: 1897

Realization: 1897-99

The beginning of continuous operation of a theatre in Košice is linked to year 1789 when doors of the first theatre building were opened. Košice had a long theatre tradition even before the building was constructed, but existence of a theatre building boosted theatre life in the city significantly. It was necessary to enlarge the capacity of the theatre auditorium for several times from 1916 onwards, eventually reaching number 1000 in total capacity of seats.

At the end of 1880´s existing building was already severely dilapidated. There was a great danger of outbreak of fire which was especially drawn into attention after the fire in Ringtheater in Vienna in 1881. City council of Košice agreed to finance the reconstructions especially those providing safe escape passages and emergency exits for the audience. The building remained in a desolate state though, therefore the city of Košice decided to replace the building with a new one. After large polemics about the location of the new building the city decided to build it on the place of the old theatre. Two public contests took place with unsatisfactory results so the city ordered a project from famous theatre architects Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer. The high costs and small capacity lead the Committee to refuse this project as well, so finally the theatre was constructed according to a project of Budapest architects Adolf Lang and Antal Steinhardt in 1897-1899. In accordance with the original intentions and in tradition of multifunctional cultural facilities the project planned with a casino inside the theatre building but from esthetical, conceptual and economic reasons Committee refused it. Thanks to this decision purely cultural and representatively magnanimous building was created. It was opened on 28th September 1899 with a play Bank Bán by József Katona. Even before the theatre was practically opened a photo documentation of its creation was presented on the International Exhibition in Paris. ”Only small number of our theatres will be presented on this exhibition. That proves that our new building is a remarkable artistic creation.” – a daily paper Pannonia commented. In years 1987-1994 the theatre was reconstructed and modernized. Stage was enlarged and its technical and technological equipment updated. By creating an underground extension theatre joined the main building with new rehearsal rooms and engine room situated between two houses close to the theatre. Apart from the folk origins of theater in the city of Kosice, dated to Jarmočná performances actors in the urban market since the middle ages, the beginnings of theatrical life in the city can be dated to 16 century, when it was in the form of educational games were grown first on the Protestant and later at the Jesuit schools. The first mention of a theater performance Protestant students apperead around 1557 and nearly one hundred years later, in 1654, played their first show and Jesuit high school students. 17 century, we report on a large classroom at the Catholic University, where students played theater and rebuilding it after Košice Academy in 1732, were replaced by even two theaters. Less is used for testing and non-performance, more than ever the theater to a wider audience. Professional traveling theater group came sporadically in Kosice during the 17th century, more precisely since 1641 when we first mention of such a theater company. Intensified their presence may be recorded until a century later. Initially played in makeshift wooden búdach typically taken for its work and build, or find a place in local pubs or cafes. Their attendance, however, was generally weak because "privileged audience is afraid of fires and should a priori aversion to wooden shed ̉. [Project Institute of Culture. Stretch-recovery sites Bratislava Castle: Bratislava. State Theatre. Historical research, treated Peter Fidler, June 1980, p. 37] Such wooden theaters were actually in terms of fire safe, as demonstrated by the case of wood chalets on Main Street, which after one year of existence in 1782, the city council for this very reason closed. Nobility then developed considerable pressure on the city council finally agreed that the status of brick theater. 6. May 1786 the city actually decided on its position and so on two years later began building the first stone theater in Manchester. Two-year delay has been caused by the fact that originally the proposal given the urban builder Stephen Brock, but the Budapest office building miestodržiteľstva rebuked many shortcomings and therefore instructed the royal architect J. Tallhera their processing. Gross theater building was completed in 1789, but the interior is still working in the following year. Košice old theater was located on Main Street, around the place today. The layout should take the form of four-winged building with a central square of Justice. In one wing of the theater, in the second coffee bar and dance hall. After the position of classical theater in Manchester triggered a lively cultural life. Emilia Jonášová in his monograph on the contribution of the Košice Theatre building was noted that during its existence, at the request of theatrical companies, the number of seats in the theater several times increased up to 1000 seats and that the municipal license competed the best directors of companies. [Library of Emilia: Stories of the theater building in Manchester, National Theatre Centre Bratislava 1998, ISBN 80-85455-88-9, p.10]. Late 19 century, however, after over 100 years of existence, despite the overhaul, completed in 1840, needed a building of the old theater again Kosice reconstruction. The most serious deficiency, which was insufficient to ensure emergency exits that are particularly after the tragic fire Ringtheatru in Vienna proved very important to address additional building construction on wooden poles, situated along the western and southern walls of the building. Condition of the building was still an emergency, as confirmed by the fire in the boiler room theater 8th January 1888. At that time, however, it was decided to build a new building. Decided upon by the City Council at its meeting on 23 apríla the 1887th The main argument in favor of this solution was that the entire reconstruction of the old building would cost as much as build a new theater. City council established a committee to build a new theater. In 1891, he was written out in an architectural competition for the construction. Information on the date the invitation and the deadline for the results of previous researchers differ. Report of cultural heritage research, carried out in 1980, closing date 07/01/1891, which was later postponed the deadline to 20 July of the same year. Emilia Jonášová in his monographic contribution of the 1998 invitation to tender dated 27.6.1891 the day, with the termination date 31.október the 1891st

Competition results were certainly disappointing for the city. As further writes Emily Jonášová, "Although the city directly invited to tender a number of important architects of the country in the past submitted a joint proposal only Ignatius Alpari and Gejza Györgyi." [Library of Emilia: Stories of theater buildings in Manchester, National Theatre Centre Bratislava 1998 , ISBN 80-85455-88-9, p.12]. Overall, the number of small competitors. The jury met on 23rd January 1892 and despite expressing dissatisfaction with an understaffed competition, awarded by the design architects and Alpari Györgyiho first prize with the fact that after the settlement of deficiencies (layout, exceeded the indicative costs and underestimated project budget) can carry out the project. Architects have redesigned the project by 30 October 1892, what happened. Správa heritage research indicates that under explenations, that architects sent together with the plans in late October of 1891 (the year does not correspond to what Emily Jonah, whose transfers plánov dated October 30, 1892), theater had "Kosice wooden stand on the market, with the rear Front Street in the former Barkóczyho. As requested the city should have a frontage Portik for carriages with three entrances to the lobby. Access for pedestrians was with regard to their safety on the sides. From the metro ústili four entrances to the balcony and galleries. On the ground floor were 362 cities, on the first floor 152, the second 142 and 289th in third Room above the foyer should, where Alpárových dispositions serve as a warehouse, as in the Budapest Opera. "[Project Institute of Culture. Stretch-recovery sites Bratislava Castle: Bratislava. State Theatre. Historical research, treated Peter Fidler, June 1980, p. 39-40]. After delivery plans shared by people from Košice new theater only step. But just townspeople finally stood against his position. For the new theater was in fact a wooden vyhliadnutá parcel market (later Fucik Square, Wood market again today) due to the completion of the new building could still play the old. Against theater situated outside the city center, however, between people from Košice wave of resistance. Heritage research cites the reasons for "In vain we build the wooden theater on the market, or further from the city. It would be tedious for the audience, and discourage visits would harm the development of the Košice Theatre. "[P.41] The City Council has been forced to build on the site of the old theater on Main Street. Since plans and Alpari Györyiho They considered placing the theater on wood market, had to print the new competition. Was written out in April 1893 with the termination date 10th novembra 1893rd Were three proposals, inter alia, a proposal for a pair of architects Adolf Lang and Antal Steinhardt. Submissions were judged by a jury 10th November The results of the jury did not yield clearly positive assessment even in one of the proposals. For each comment the jury, therefore, recommended to be returned to the authors for revision and later in the form of restricted re-assessed. Rider, however, the Committee on the construction of a new theater town council did not recommend the adoption of, among other reasons, and therefore, that some committee members began to think about rebuilding the old theater building. The report Monuments research indicates that "twelve members from 67-member committee of theater in Manchester is turning 7.3 1894 letter to the city council with a proposal to reconstruct the old theater building on the square and extend while the adjacent casino. "[P.41] The Committee recommended to refer to the architectural firm of Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer with a request to develop expertise. Záver expertise confirmed the disrepair of the old theater and agreed to the inappropriateness of placing novostavby Theatre on wood market. Peter Fidler speculated that apparently under the influence of disturbing the expertise to reconstruct the ancient theater ceased to think. [Košice. State Theatre. Historical research, p.41] However, the Committee had considered the possibility that the status of requests directly to the theater architects Fellner and Helmer. 28. March 1894 therefore called on the Interior Ministry in Budapest with a request for authorization to enter into an agreement with the company. The Ministry agreed and 11 April issued a decision on the demolition of the old theater building, cafes and casinos and build a new theater with a casino in situ. The old theater have not played since March this year when the Ministry of Interior issued a regulation on the conclusion because of emergency building. 16. May 1894 it started Bura.

Study architects Fellner and Helmer proposed casino theater with respect to the projected capacity for 802 spectators. Committee for construction of a new theater, however, after examining the study questioned the proposed capacity and the actual number of seats in the stands was reduced by almost 100 points. Officially as the lack of capacity as well as for exceeding the limit of project cost city council rejected Fellner and Helmer. Peter Fidler, however, also speculated on other reasons for the decision. "It is not excluded that matter Košice Theatre received the political coloration. Kosice, in which Austria-Hungary after the settlement fully enforced Hungarian element in theater, at the time were still numerous and strong economic layer of the German population. We must not forget also that the company Fellner and Helmer build their theaters primarily in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, or the German bourgeoisie in Liberec, Brno and Bratislava. [Košice. State Theatre. Historical research, p.42-43]

Thirdly, even in the city of Kosice has not acquired the theater project. At the insistence of inhabitants but the committee decided to act quickly. Does not list new architectural competition, but directly addressed the Budapest architect Adolf Lang and Antal Steinhardt - a pair who participated previously second competition for the construction of the theater in 1893. In October 1895 the authors sent projects. The Ministry has approved the plans and budget of the 20th decembra the 1897th Construction of the theater already worth nothing in the road. Based on public opinion, however, the Committee made the last change. Proposes to build the theater without the casinos, which justify the aesthetic, conceptual and economic reasons. 25. January 1897 City Council committee approved the proposal. In January the city council has signed an agreement with Adolf Lange. Architects should begin the construction of second August of the year and finish it first septembra the 1899th

The beginning of construction work, although because of administrative delays with the contract delayed by several months, in April 1898, but was fourth floor and the stage finished. About two months later was under the roof the entire building. Theatre built builders Michael Repaszký, Geza Arpad Jakabovci. Completed it was opened 28.9.1899. At the outset, the ceremony said the prelude to the opera Erkela Bánk Ferenc Bán, after a dramatic scene Antal Váradyho "Mrs. Sen Déryovej" and finally drama József Katona Bánk Bán.

As for the interior of the theater, he came into the series after the completion of the construction part of December the 1898th Budapest sculptor Ed Mayer made the stone statues on the façade. Upholstery work and wood trim local firm G. Studinka. Plastic wall decorations were awarded Budapest Stucco firm Charles Hofbauer. Four paintings on the ceiling of the theater hall with the themes of Shakespeare's plays (Romeo and Juliet, Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night and an unknown game), as well as four grissailové lunettes in the ceiling (the muse of music, dance, poetry and drama) and the curtain is original work Viennese painter Peregrina von Gastgeb. Stone-statuary work entrusted to the sculptor from Budapest Alajos VÖGERLE.

After commissioning the theater served only Hungarian theatrical company [Theatre in Manchester, in: Theatre in Manchester, bulletin, p.6-11]. Slovak, Czech, or rather the actors got into it until 1920, when they formed the Bratislava in the Czech drama and spevohernej of Frederick Jerabek Slovak National Theatre. It has since 1920 attended for several weeks in the Košice. However, since "Košice cultural circles were unhappy with the relatively short package tours SND in the city", called "SND to be two separate files, in Bratislava and Košice [Horvath, Joseph: 80 Anniversary of Slovak professional theater company in Manchester. Eastern National Theatre in Manchester c years 1924-1930 and 1937-1938, Archive of the Theatre Institute in Bratislava, the printed version of the text]. Given the artistic, personal and financial conditions, however, in the first years of SND was not possible. Only in 1924, according to the model formed the Bratislava and Kosice in Eastern National Theatre on cooperative basis. Activity started 13th septembra the 1924th In the early years of the Košice Theatre season divided between VND file, theater companies and the Hungarian National Theatre in Bratislava. In 1938, Košice accrue under the First Vienna Award Hungary and Slovak Theatre ceased to exist here. The re-establishment of the theater in the city occurred after the Second World War, in 1945. According to the decision and approval SNR established in Manchester is still the theater as a national institute to call the National Theatre in Manchester [Theatre in Manchester, in: Theatre in Manchester, bulletin, p.6-11, here p. 10]. Since that time in the theater building in Manchester continuous plays.

Theater has undergone during its existence, several larger or smaller alterations and modifications. Top 20th century dates Peter Fidler ground floor extension, two pavilions for wing bay, lodge rooms and firefighters to the rear of the building. In twenty years of the 20th century, referring to the argument A. Chmelka, also mentions the treatment equipment balconies and boxes. [Košice. State Theatre. Historical research, p.47] In 1927 the theater received a new central heating and lighting. Peter Fidler then in the years 1954-1958 refers to overhaul the theater under the supervision of architect Bohus Kotas, citing unspecified document in the file archives of the investment department of the State Theatre in Manchester ["The building was newly plastered and have been restored and the stone-statuary articles. Carpenters according to original plans exchange defective windows and doors. Stucco decorations in the interior have been restored and re-gilded. On this occasion, were of stucco cartouches on available places removed initials NSZ [Nemzeti Színház, note. author] and replaced with the initials SD [State Theatre, note. author]. Hungarian and other inscriptions in the theater were replaced Slovak. "- Košice. State Theatre. Historical research, p.47, and note. 43]. Between 1957 - 1959 appoint additional work in the theater, specifically the basement theater adaptation for a smoking lounge and cafeteria, the project was to develop Prague architect Vl. Gray. Contemporary reports in local newspapers with allegations Peter Fidler differ slightly. [Slosiar, Stefan: 60-year resurgence of beauties, in: Eastern newspaper, Vol. I (VII), No.37, 19 September 1958, p. 7]. Extensive restoration theater dating from 1955, while in the years 1953-1954 held in the building of minor modifications (roof repairs, replacement of elevators and other stage productions). In 1955 he was made a full adaptation hľadiskových premises (restored wall decoration). Subsequently, in the years 1956-1957 should be adjusted stage equipment (elektorozvodov treatment, electrical and electronic equipment according to standards ESC) and "resolved šatnice art workers, part of which was equipped with, including the wig and makeup, high quality operating facilities, prepared by the comments of staff." [Slosiar , Stefan: 60-year resurgence of beauties, in: Eastern newspaper, Vol. I (VII), No.37, 19 September 1958, p. 7]. Overhaul passed the floor and seats in the auditorium (prečalúnenie). Mention was also made of former workshop and warehouse premises for smoking room. After adjustments in the interior had since 1958 continue overhaul work in the outdoors. Anticipated continuation of the work in stages performances tract, where the metal should build Staging floor with a checkerboard turntable device. Report referred also invited bids for the artwork decorate the Iron Curtain, which had ended 30 novembra the 1958th The fate of the veil competition reports Peter Fidler. He writes that the small number uchádzačov not the first prize in the competition and was later granted this role Ernest Zmeták. Implementation, however, has had its up in 1970. [Košice. State Theatre. Historical research, p. 48].

Other repair work carried out on the theater building in the years 1969-1970. Then the roof repaired. In the years 1973-1975 appoints Peter Fidler other exterior overhaul [Košice. State Theatre. Historical research, p. 48].

For now, the rest of the theater has undergone a renovation in the years 1987-1994. In doing so, is restricted to address the rebuilding has already announced an opera in 1978. Citing winning a pair of architects, "Participants addressed the role of state theater on the current standard. The basic tender conditions included maintaining the visibility curve, the maximum possible increases in stage and upgrading of technical and technological equipment, complete the section on staging technical block the projection booths, sound and lighting director, lighting booths, extension of the entry and dispersal areas spectators, performing a complex complement of orchestra rehearsal and choir, ballet halls, a test stage, power stations, space for artistic and economic leadership of the theater. The requested content was increased size of more than 100%. "[Rastislav Janak, Mudrončík Miloslav: Reconstruction of Kosice landmarks, in: Slovak Theatre. Theatre Historical Architecture in Slovakia, 1996, Annex paged].

  The aim of the winning team - Rastislav Janak, Miloslav Mudrončík Lieskovský and Paul, was "to maintain tone of Lang Theatre in the original expression and preserve the historic core of the image with minimal new features." [Rastislav Janak, Mudrončík Miloslav: Reconstruction of Kosice landmarks, in: Slovak Theatre. Theatre Historical Architecture in Slovakia, 1996, Annex paged]. It was therefore decided to address the role of one-story underground annex building for the theater, adapting adjacent tract burgher houses and a modern new building in their yard. Spaces should be linked by an underground passage. Dispersal areas in hľadiskovej section expanded to include new locker room space below the auditorium and the cafeteria entrance hall. Entrance area was modified for the needs of handicapped guests in the audience to build a block overhead light and sound, projection and lighting cabin, restored by the decorations on the ceiling light. Also exchanged seats were added for safety reasons and also features brass railings. In the foyer was older, but non-original lighting replaced by a new chandelier. The original sculpture Aurora gable front facade has been replaced by a copy of the waxy (author Arpad rack). The underground part - dressing room annexe to establish a corps of technical personnel, along with scenic stock material and technological areas. In vnútroblokovom Area burgher houses are located in the basement of the power station, which is built over the object of testing the choir, orchestra, ballet hall and test stage. The citizens' houses to be situate the artistic leadership of the theater, and club administration, but the restitution of houses, the idea could be implemented. Operation, therefore, to situate the object of testing on the ground floor a modern new building.

Kosice State Theatre is located in the historical center in the northern part of the lenticular shape of the square (main square). From southern side it is the Gothic Cathedral of St. pendant. Elizabeth, on which the theater draws its front, the southern facade. Theatre of the sides lined pedestrian zone, urban rail transport and road bands.

Base theater footprint is a rectangle with diagonal beveled edges shorter, the southern facade, which connects predstavaný rectangular portico. Building the layout may be divided into three basic functional units - the stage, auditorium and the entrance part, which corresponds to the breakdown of the external volume structure. The entrance of the building is defined from the mass-storeyed building housing the outside portico and zrastlicou roof attachment, culminating in a dome with a pair of short towers on its sides. 12-axial stresses in the side facade of the first to seventh axis slightly predstupujúci buttress, loft piece topped with a pair of slightly exceeded vaulted pavilions, towers navodzujúcich impression. Further reveals the location of the functional part theater, in terms of theaters. Last, stage fraction corresponds transverse raised mansard roof.

The front, south facade is the main access for visitors. Portico mentioned above, before predstavaný facade, lies on an elevated base, separate from the level of a few square degrees. 7-axis facade has two chamfered outboard diagonal axis, extending up to four storey buildings. Two rows of windows and cornice between them, however, produces only double-deck structure. 5 - axis, the middle part of the facade is nadstavaná against extreme axes on the next floor level, culminating in a shield from behind which emerges mansard roof with a statue of Aurora on the top. The shield is terminated as sculptures, and a group of sandstone genius. The shield is lined on both sides of the two tower superstructure. Portico, before predstavaný facade, semi-circular notches is divided into three floors including a mezzanine and lower middle occupies the width of three intermediate axes. Completed a terrace with railings and sculptural balustrádovým is completion of a pair of sandstone sculpture of putti. At the level of the first two floors to it primkýnajú storey pavilions. Like Rizal, they are also finished with a balustrade terraces. At the level of ground floor front facade is divided rustic band, which gives the impression of a stronger floor plinth base for higher floors. Wall facades are divided rustikovými lizénami addition, on higher floors bay and replaced by a system pilasters and polostĺpov on massive base, bearing places with cornice, decorated with scrolls and rosettes.

Entrances to buildings are located deep in the recesses portico. Inputs made available to the sub side stairway side stairs to the gallery on the second floor and fourth floor.

Side facade of the theater building is shaped by the same. Creation of the above-mentioned seven axial buttress in front (from the front facade) are divided into two parts like. Facades have a height of four floors, central bay and five strands, however, carries additional floor roof pavilions. Two and two storey facade divides continuous cornice, which follows on from the front facade cornice. Akcent facade lies in the first half, the part hľadiskového buttress. Its central axial section is open on the upper two floors of arcades, in the middle of the ground floor is located in, under the umbrella of a forged glazed roof. Above it there is a series of three low semicircular windows mezzanine. At the level of the fifth floor completed this part of the facade attic extension, completed shield. After his side, at the second and sixth axis window, he added a pair of superstructures tower, completed dome. These axes side facades are also highlighted rizalitovým double projection.

The second part of facades, 5 window for computing the axes is solved modest. Broken down by the window openings of four floors, where the ground floor by the last two axes inputs. Width of the rear corners in the last axis emphasizes again buttress. Both side facades, like the front facade of the theater, broken down in the bottom of the band bossage, appearing also in the corner buttresses on upper floors.

The rear, north facade bears subtle form than the other facades. It consists of nine window axes, two of which underline the extreme corner buttresses and in the middle of the facade is built to a width of three axes buttress rear window scenes with an adapter between the attic tower pavilions. To the central bay and the addition of two floors connected by both sides of the extension, highlighted again at the corner pavilions with mansard roof. Extension, all corners and buttresses plinth part of the central bay and are broken belt rustic. The central bay and connects to the ground floor of a modern extension service entry and vestibule of the iron structure with a glass insert. Accent the facade will be concentrated on three central axes of the central buttress, which generate at the third floor windows blind polkuhovo completed with segmental lintel triplet peaks and fried eggs over their eyes. Above the roof cornice is completed buttress triangular shield filled coat of arms of Košice in stucco cartridge. Attic extension divided into a large thermal window.

Main, representative entrance to the theater is situated on the Southern front of the theater building. Trinity door allows access to the octagonal foyer with oval cut-outs in the ceiling, creating the second floor gallery. Visor is flat topped stucco ceiling. The vestibule leads diagonally laid single-stairs to the locker room on the first floor, which is located between the lobby area and a theater hall. On the longitudinal axis of the octagon placed entrances lead Separate meetings stairs on an oval layout, leading to the gallery on the second floor and fourth floor. Are accessible only from the inner vestibule, but also directly from the exterior extremities of inputs on the front facade and entrances at the side façade. Compared to the central input on the front facade is situated evening dressing room, which housed the window leads to the dressing room. Under the lobby area is located buffet. The walls of the lobby along with cornice galleries are decorated with stucco decoration, pastel colors, which develops and acanthus motif ribbon tassels. Decorations are addressed and information signs in the friezes, following a straight translation or round cutouts inputs. Marble stairs leading to cloakroom, have tapered funnel shape and the convex-concave degrees, rozlievajúce into the lobby area. Broken down the walls decorated with pilasters and stucco trapezoidal mirrors with the initials SD (State Theatre). Landing at first floor gives access to the dressing room, or continue through the closed entrances to Lozovo corridors. In the sequel to Lozovo corridors terminating their landing, where they face the already mentioned Lozovo corridors, other inputs into the dressing room and the short side stairs to the balconies. Corridors, which are accessible from each box, have a vault segment. At the level of termination hľadiskovej časti theaters pass through the rectangular zalamujúce passages to passages mission časti theater. The second type of stairs, which is accessible from the foyer cez closed inputs to the longitudinal axis of the vestibular octagon, leading to the gallery on the second floor of the building and the highest, fourth floor. The second floor galleries are the same system as at the first floor via stairs and a single-bed type available to the highest corridors box and balcony. The galleries are open to the terraces and balconies on the facade. Its walls are broken pilasters and defines its walkways decorated with forged grille. On the ceiling of the gallery is created, oval mirror, decorated with undulating curves and stucco arabesque tape. In the middle of the circular target, carrying luster. Corridors upstairs are again segmented arched barrel vault. Stairs leading from the ground floor of the said second and fourth floor, columns broken system with a volute head and shell, gradually passing upward into pilasters. Upwards there is also a progressive reduction in the ceiling alignment of stairs. The third floor is a specific part of the theater with the increased demands for representation. It is accessible to third type of stairs, which are located on the side of the theater and accessible inputs on the side facades. Also allows access to Lozovo corridors on the first, second and third floors. Disposition schedule of the third floor space corresponds to the other floors at the lower levels. The area is octagonal floor plan lounge, allowing access to the balconies and terraces of the facade. The radially oriented passageways is admitted to the balcony. The mouth of the said corridor stair landings. Lizénami are structured with twin stripes and decorated with stucco surfaces with double straps, a cartridge filled with motifs and emblems with the initials SD.

 

 

 

Literature:

 

Jonášová, Emília:Príbehy  divadelnej budovy  v Košiciach, Národné divadelné  centrum Bratislava, 1998, ISBN 80-85455-88-9.

Lacika, Ivan: Košický divadelný dom, in: Divadelné noviny, volume 2, 2001, n.3, s.24-27.

Mihóková, Mária:  Výtvarný život a výstavba  Košíc  v rokoch  1848-1918,  Tematická bibiografia, 1986.

Rastislav Janák, Miloslav Mudrončík: Rekonštrukcia košickej dominanty, in: Slovak Theatre. Historical Theatre Architekture in Slovakia/ Slowakisches Theater. Historische Theaterarchitektur in der Slowakei, National Theatre Centre Bratislava1998.

Gojdič, Ivan:  Štátne divadlo v Košiciach. Štúdia rekonštrukcie  a dostavby, in: : Projekt, volume 22, June 1980, s. 39-43.

 

 

Author: Viera Dlhánová

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